Yuck. I feel dirty writing about the Windows command line, but sometimes you just need to get a job done.
View all environment variables
reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment"
View a specific environment variable, e.g. PATH
reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v PATH
Set an env var locally (not persistent)
set FOO="foo"
Set an env var globally (persistent) - must be run as administrator
setx BAR "bar" /M
View individual local env vars
echo %FOO%
echo %BAR%